Lloyd Kramer

The Board of Governors (BOG) that oversees the University of North Carolina’s sixteen constituent institutions has created a new graduation requirement for students who enroll at UNC-system universities this fall.

Some of Trumpism’s most notable recent actions confirm what historians have long asserted: historical knowledge matters because historical beliefs and historical forgetting always influence the exercise of state power and the meaning of national identities.

Autocratic governments consolidate their power by flooding the societies they control with lies and propaganda. Anyone who questions the lies can feel isolated, powerless, and uncertain, but uncertainty helps to sustain authoritarian systems.

Famous foreigners have often attracted large American crowds, but neither the Beetles nor the Rolling Stones nor Winston Churchill could ever match the popular response that Lafayette elicited from the vast throngs who welcomed him to each of America’s 24 states between August 1824 and September 1825.

Americans disagree about all kinds of ideas and public policies, but almost everyone seems to agree on the value of personal and political freedom. Descriptions of freedom are forever diverging, however, because people define freedom from different social positions and with different historical perspectives.

Democracies are vulnerable political systems. Democratic governments have frequently given way to authoritarian regimes, and most people have always lived in societies that deny the equality of human rights and the value of public participation in governing institutions.

“Past Rhymes With Present Times” is a new series by Lloyd S. Kramer exploring historical context and frameworks, and how the foundations of the past affect the building of the future.