Rage and Hope Fuel Women's Revolt Over Abortion in Poland

Karolina Micula had used her bare chest in political protest once before.

When Poland’s right-wing government first tried to restrict abortion rights, the actress and singer delivered an intense performance onstage in Wroclaw in 2017 that included her spreading paint in the national colors — white and red — onto her breasts and face, ending with a fist raised high.

When the authorities tried again to impose a near-total ban on abortion in October this year, Micula, along with a friend, again stripped to her waist and stood on top of a car at a busy Warsaw intersection during a protest, holding a flare high and giving the middle finger.

A riot officer holding a tear gas canister uses his shield to push a demonstrator during an abortion rights protest in Warsaw. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

“A woman’s body is a place of political battle,” the 32-year-old said from her Warsaw apartment in an interview. “My gesture meant that I will do with my body whatever I want to do with it. If I want to stand naked in front of people, I will do it, because it’s my choice.”

Micula’s friend had just come from physiotherapy following a double mastectomy and wanted to encourage other protesters by showing her tattooed chest. Theirs is among many taboo-breaking acts by furious women in Poland in the past weeks.

The upheaval began when Poland’s constitutional court, packed with loyalists of the conservative ruling party, ruled Oct. 22 to ban abortions in cases of congenital fetal defects, even if the fetus has no chance of survival.

Paramedics treat a journalist affected by tear gas during an abortion rights protest. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

A riot officer stands behind a shield during the Nov. 18 protest. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

Protesters in Poland’s capital rally against a court ruling restricting abortions. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

Poland already had one of Europe’s most restrictive abortion laws, and the ruling would mean that the only legal reasons for abortion would be rape, incest or if the woman’s life is in danger.

Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the ruling party leader and Poland’s most powerful politician, had said he wanted even nonviable fetuses to be carried to birth, so they can be given a baptism, a name and a burial.

The rage of Polish women, and many men as well, erupted onto the streets across the country, growing into the largest protest movement in the three decades since communism fell.

Demonstrators wear masks with a red lightning bolt, a symbol of the abortion rights movement. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

Protesters at first disrupted Masses, shouted obscenities at priests and spray-painted the number of an abortion hotline on church facades. Those early provocative tactics were largely dropped after they triggered a backlash in a society where many cherish Catholic traditions.

They continued their protests on the streets, however, refusing to be cowed by the authorities or by the pandemic.

“My water has broken. I am delivering a revolution,” said one sign at a protest in Warsaw on Nov. 18, expressing a view held by an increasing number of protesters.

A woman speaks with riot police during an abortion rights protests in Warsaw. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

Protest leader Marta Lempart holds a flare during the protest. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

Demonstrators hold a banner that reads “Gay Radical Camp Stands With Women” during the abortion rights protest. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

The interior minister recently warned that the government would not tolerate “a revolution made by force against the constitutional organs of the Polish state.” Police have been increasingly detaining and charging protesters, and in some cases using tear gas and other force.

Still, amid the massive social upheaval, the government has not formally implemented the court ruling and has spoken of coming up with a new law. But reproductive rights activists say that hospitals are already refusing to carry out abortions of congenitally damaged fetuses.

The governing party’s attempt to ban abortion, with the use of a court packed with loyalists and during a pandemic, seemed excessively cruel to 21-year-old Nina Michnik, a student of Arabic studies and philosophy.

Polish actress and singer Karolina Micula poses for a portrait wearing a scarf that reads “Women’s Strike – Safe, Free, Legal Abortion.” (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

“They did it in this critical moment when everyone was scared of the pandemic,” said Michnik. She described feeling extremely lonely and fragile when the court ruling came down.

“They caught us in this very sensitive moment,” Michnik said. “That’s why we were so angry.”

While she was stuck at home by the country’s coronavirus lockdown, Michnik had stopped the boxing workouts she loves. After the protests erupted, she began working out again and joined a group that scans protests for far-right troublemakers.

Polish student Nina Michnik poses for a portrait together with her dogs in Warsaw. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

Nina Michnik shows her arm with the phone number of a legal counselor written on in it. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

A demonstrator holds the Polish flag during an abortion rights protest in Warsaw. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

The recent protests have certainly become a political awakening for Polish youth, but older Poles also have taken part. They are led by the Women’s Strike, a group of female activists, but many men have also joined in. What began as a revolt against an abortion ruling has become a larger struggle for democracy and human rights.

Before the court ruling, the people on the front lines of Poland’s culture war had been LGBT rights activists who were frequently denounced by government and church leaders as a threat to Poland’s culture and families.

Those grievances have now been woven together into one larger struggle against a government that the protesters hope to eventually bring down. Rainbow flags are held high at all the abortion protests.

A demonstrator takes part in an abortion rights protest in Warsaw. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

Gabe Wilczynska, 19, has so far this year joined rallies for LGBT rights, racial justice in the U.S., and against sexual violence. With political convictions shaped by having been raped by a boy in high school, Wilczynska, who identifies as a lesbian and as non-binary, has gotten five court citations for involvement in the recent protests.

Wilczynska’s forms of protests have included dressing in a red handmaid costume to protest the government’s “attempts to control our bodies,” and joining a group that has pasted slogans at night on city walls with messages including: “My uterus is not a coffin,” and “Abortion is a right not a favor.”

In interviews, protesters often say they feel a connection with the women of neighboring Belarus, who have emerged as a driving force in an uprising against the regime of longtime authoritarian President Alexander Lukashenko.

Protesters stand by a fence after writing “Stop Police Violence” on it in Warsaw. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

Protesters spray graffiti opposing an abortion ban on a wall in Warsaw. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

Protesters glue messages opposing an abortion ban, on a bridge in Warsaw. (AP Photo/Agata Grzybowska)

The decision to have weekly, rather than daily, protests, for example, was inspired by what is happening in Belarus, the goal being to keep people from getting worn down by daily protests, Micula said.

Conscious of the global battles between authoritarian and democratic forces, some Poles are also putting faith in U.S. President-elect Joe Biden, who is expected to encourage democracy and human rights.

Micula said she is hopeful that a new, better society is being born now, her hope bolstered by the sight of young people dancing on the streets during the protests and their solidarity with each other.